| Title | Substances in Subjects: Instantiation and Existence in Avicenna |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2022 |
| Journal | American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly, Journal of the American Catholic Philosophical Association |
| Volume | 96 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 453-471 |
| Categories | Avicenna, Tradition and Reception, Metaphysics |
| Author(s) | Nathaniel B. Taylor |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| In an effort to refute Avicenna’s real distinction between essence and existence, Averroes argues for an Instantiation Analysis of existence which thinks of existence not as an accidental addition to an essence, but rather as the recognition that there is an instance in extramental reality which matches a concept in the mind of a knower. In this study, I argue that Averroes’s Instantiation Analysis fails to refute Avicenna’s real distinction by showing that Avicenna himself endorses the Instantiation Analysis and, in fact, makes use of it to motivate his real distinction. To show this, I review several texts where Avicenna makes the puzzling claim that substances are found to be in subjects. These texts reveal how Avicenna discovers the real distinction with Aristotle’s help—not, as Averroes relates, against the view of Aristotle. |
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| Title | Ibn Rushd’s Criticism of the Theory of the Inherence of the Specific Property (khāssa) in Medicine |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2020 |
| Journal | Bulletin of the Society for Near Eastern Studies in Japan |
| Volume | 57 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 33–48 |
| Categories | Medicine, Galen, Avicenna, Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Yu Hoki |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| In Medieval Arabic medical texts, a specific property (khāṣṣa) is thought to be one of the effects of a medicine, and effective in a specific humor or organ. This property is mainly mentioned to explain two phenomena, purgative medicines' attraction of a certain humor and theriacas strengthening of human innate heat. Galen had advocated the theory that the faculty of attracting a specific material inheres in a medical substance as its nature (referred to as the theory of inherence). The same view can be seen in the texts of Islamic philosopher-physicians such as Ibn Sīnā (d. 1037). On the other hand, Ibn Rushd (d. 1198) perceived the defects of this theory and criticised it. This article examines his criticism of the theory of inherence in his discussions about purgative medicines and theriacas. Ibn Rushd says that using the theory of inheritance, we cannot explain the phenomenon that when someone takes more than one dose of purgative medicine, it attracts not only the specific humor, but all of the humors. He then proposes the alternative theory that the specific property originates in the proportions of the qualities in the attracting and the attracted materials. From this perspective, he insists that the object of attraction varies according to the amount of the heat in the medicine. As for theriaca, Ibn Rushd criticises the theory of inherence as seen in the writings of Ibn Sīnā Ibn Sīnā claims that theriaca's specific property is generated from its substance, i.e. the combination of form with matter, not the mixture of the four qualities. But according to Ibn Rushd, with this explanation, it is impossible to explain the body's various responses to theriaca. Therefore he maintains that one must explain its specific property in terms of the four qualities. To conclude, Ibn Rushd considers his theory to be more capable of explaining various phenomena than the theory of inherence is. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5049","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5049,"authors_free":[{"id":5799,"entry_id":5049,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Yu Hoki","free_first_name":"Yu","free_last_name":"Hoki","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"Ibn Rushd\u2019s Criticism of the Theory of the Inherence of the Specific Property (kh\u0101ssa) in Medicine","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Ibn Rushd\u2019s Criticism of the Theory of the Inherence of the Specific Property (kh\u0101ssa) in Medicine"},"abstract":"In Medieval Arabic medical texts, a specific property (kh\u0101\u1e63\u1e63a) is thought to be one of the effects of a medicine, and effective in a specific humor or organ. This property is mainly mentioned to explain two phenomena, purgative medicines' attraction of a certain humor and theriacas strengthening of human innate heat. Galen had advocated the theory that the faculty of attracting a specific material inheres in a medical substance as its nature (referred to as the theory of inherence). The same view can be seen in the texts of Islamic philosopher-physicians such as Ibn S\u012bn\u0101 (d. 1037). On the other hand, Ibn Rushd (d. 1198) perceived the defects of this theory and criticised it. This article examines his criticism of the theory of inherence in his discussions about purgative medicines and theriacas.\r\nIbn Rushd says that using the theory of inheritance, we cannot explain the phenomenon that when someone takes more than one dose of purgative medicine, it attracts not only the specific humor, but all of the humors. He then proposes the alternative theory that the specific property originates in the proportions of the qualities in the attracting and the attracted materials. From this perspective, he insists that the object of attraction varies according to the amount of the heat in the medicine.\r\nAs for theriaca, Ibn Rushd criticises the theory of inherence as seen in the writings of Ibn S\u012bn\u0101 Ibn S\u012bn\u0101 claims that theriaca's specific property is generated from its substance, i.e. the combination of form with matter, not the mixture of the four qualities. But according to Ibn Rushd, with this explanation, it is impossible to explain the body's various responses to theriaca. Therefore he maintains that one must explain its specific property in terms of the four qualities.\r\nTo conclude, Ibn Rushd considers his theory to be more capable of explaining various phenomena than the theory of inherence is. ","btype":3,"date":"2020","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5356\/jorient.57.1_33","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":29,"category_name":"Medicine","link":"bib?categories[]=Medicine"},{"id":30,"category_name":"Galen","link":"bib?categories[]=Galen"},{"id":10,"category_name":"Avicenna","link":"bib?categories[]=Avicenna"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5049,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Bulletin of the Society for Near Eastern Studies in Japan","volume":"57","issue":"1","pages":"33\u201348"}},"sort":[2020]}
| Title | La doctrina general de los trascendentales en Dietrich von Freiberg, y su filiación aristotélico-averroísta |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Spanish |
| Date | 2019 |
| Journal | Anales del Seminario de Historia de la Filosofía |
| Volume | 36 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 659–681 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Metaphysics, Avicenna, Tradition and Reception, Latin Averroism, Thomas |
| Author(s) | Fernanda Ocampo |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The Aristotelian text Metaphysics IV, 2, and the interpretations carried out by the Muslim philosophers, i.e., Avicenna and Averroes, constitute the theoretical framework in which several Latin authors of the second half of the 13th century from the University of Paris, who have taken a stance around the question of the ‘real distinction’ between esse and essentia, elaborated their doctrines about transcendentals. According to this, our work seeks to trace the dependence of Dietrich’s general doctrine of the transcendentals, with respect to the theses established by Aristotle in the mentioned text, and in particular, with regard to the Averroist reading – critical of that of Avicenna’s –, which “has made school” in the Parisian environment, especially among the teachers and students of the Faculty of Arts, but also, first, in Thomas Aquinas. Thus, in light of this scenario of readings and interpretations, we will seek to delimit the central features of the Theodorian conception of the communia, pointing out the possible differences or coincidences with respect to the doctrines of these preceding authors. |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5060","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5060,"authors_free":[{"id":5813,"entry_id":5060,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Fernanda Ocampo","free_first_name":"Fernanda ","free_last_name":"Ocampo","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"La doctrina general de los trascendentales en Dietrich von Freiberg, y su filiaci\u00f3n aristot\u00e9lico-averro\u00edsta","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"La doctrina general de los trascendentales en Dietrich von Freiberg, y su filiaci\u00f3n aristot\u00e9lico-averro\u00edsta"},"abstract":"The Aristotelian text Metaphysics IV, 2, and the interpretations carried out by the Muslim philosophers, i.e., Avicenna and Averroes, constitute the theoretical framework in which several Latin authors of the second half of the 13th century from the University of Paris, who have taken a stance around the question of the \u2018real distinction\u2019 between esse and essentia, elaborated their doctrines about transcendentals. According to this, our work seeks to trace the dependence of Dietrich\u2019s general doctrine of the transcendentals, with respect to the theses established by Aristotle in the mentioned text, and in particular, with regard to the Averroist reading \u2013 critical of that of Avicenna\u2019s \u2013, which \u201chas made school\u201d in the Parisian environment, especially among the teachers and students of the Faculty of Arts, but also, first, in Thomas Aquinas. Thus, in light of this scenario of readings and interpretations, we will seek to delimit the central features of the Theodorian conception of the communia, pointing out the possible differences or coincidences with respect to the doctrines of these preceding authors.","btype":3,"date":"2019","language":"Spanish","online_url":"","doi_url":"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.5209\/ashf.63089","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":31,"category_name":"Metaphysics","link":"bib?categories[]=Metaphysics"},{"id":10,"category_name":"Avicenna","link":"bib?categories[]=Avicenna"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"},{"id":7,"category_name":"Latin Averroism","link":"bib?categories[]=Latin Averroism"},{"id":51,"category_name":"Thomas","link":"bib?categories[]=Thomas"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5060,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Anales del Seminario de Historia de la Filosof\u00eda","volume":"36","issue":"3","pages":"659\u2013681"}},"sort":[2019]}
| Title | Between Avicenna and Averroes: Considerations on the Early Aquinas’ Aristotle |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2015 |
| Journal | Documenti e studi sulla tradizione filosofica medievale |
| Volume | 26 |
| Pages | 211–240 |
| Categories | Avicenna, Aristotle, Thomas, Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Marta Borgo |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
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| Title | Between Avicenna and Averroes: Considerations on the Early Aquinas’ Aristotle |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2015 |
| Journal | Documenti e studi sulla tradizione filosofica medievale |
| Volume | 26 |
| Pages | 211–240 |
| Categories | Avicenna, Aristotle, Thomas, Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Marta Borgo |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
{"_index":"bib","_type":"_doc","_id":"5268","_score":null,"_source":{"id":5268,"authors_free":[{"id":6082,"entry_id":5268,"agent_type":"person","is_normalised":null,"person_id":null,"institution_id":null,"role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"},"free_name":"Marta Borgo","free_first_name":"Marta","free_last_name":"Borgo","norm_person":null}],"entry_title":"Between Avicenna and Averroes: Considerations on the Early Aquinas\u2019 Aristotle","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","main_title":{"title":"Between Avicenna and Averroes: Considerations on the Early Aquinas\u2019 Aristotle"},"abstract":"","btype":3,"date":"2015","language":"English","online_url":"","doi_url":"","ti_url":"","categories":[{"id":10,"category_name":"Avicenna","link":"bib?categories[]=Avicenna"},{"id":21,"category_name":"Aristotle","link":"bib?categories[]=Aristotle"},{"id":51,"category_name":"Thomas","link":"bib?categories[]=Thomas"},{"id":43,"category_name":"Tradition and Reception","link":"bib?categories[]=Tradition and Reception"}],"authors":[],"works":[],"republication_of":null,"translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"book":null,"booksection":null,"article":{"id":5268,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Documenti e studi sulla tradizione filosofica medievale","volume":"26","issue":"","pages":"211\u2013240"}},"sort":["Between Avicenna and Averroes: Considerations on the Early Aquinas\u2019 Aristotle"]}
| Title | Ibn Rushd’s Criticism of the Theory of the Inherence of the Specific Property (khāssa) in Medicine |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2020 |
| Journal | Bulletin of the Society for Near Eastern Studies in Japan |
| Volume | 57 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 33–48 |
| Categories | Medicine, Galen, Avicenna, Tradition and Reception |
| Author(s) | Yu Hoki |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| In Medieval Arabic medical texts, a specific property (khāṣṣa) is thought to be one of the effects of a medicine, and effective in a specific humor or organ. This property is mainly mentioned to explain two phenomena, purgative medicines' attraction of a certain humor and theriacas strengthening of human innate heat. Galen had advocated the theory that the faculty of attracting a specific material inheres in a medical substance as its nature (referred to as the theory of inherence). The same view can be seen in the texts of Islamic philosopher-physicians such as Ibn Sīnā (d. 1037). On the other hand, Ibn Rushd (d. 1198) perceived the defects of this theory and criticised it. This article examines his criticism of the theory of inherence in his discussions about purgative medicines and theriacas. Ibn Rushd says that using the theory of inheritance, we cannot explain the phenomenon that when someone takes more than one dose of purgative medicine, it attracts not only the specific humor, but all of the humors. He then proposes the alternative theory that the specific property originates in the proportions of the qualities in the attracting and the attracted materials. From this perspective, he insists that the object of attraction varies according to the amount of the heat in the medicine. As for theriaca, Ibn Rushd criticises the theory of inherence as seen in the writings of Ibn Sīnā Ibn Sīnā claims that theriaca's specific property is generated from its substance, i.e. the combination of form with matter, not the mixture of the four qualities. But according to Ibn Rushd, with this explanation, it is impossible to explain the body's various responses to theriaca. Therefore he maintains that one must explain its specific property in terms of the four qualities. To conclude, Ibn Rushd considers his theory to be more capable of explaining various phenomena than the theory of inherence is. |
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| Title | La doctrina general de los trascendentales en Dietrich von Freiberg, y su filiación aristotélico-averroísta |
| Type | Article |
| Language | Spanish |
| Date | 2019 |
| Journal | Anales del Seminario de Historia de la Filosofía |
| Volume | 36 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 659–681 |
| Categories | Aristotle, Metaphysics, Avicenna, Tradition and Reception, Latin Averroism, Thomas |
| Author(s) | Fernanda Ocampo |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| The Aristotelian text Metaphysics IV, 2, and the interpretations carried out by the Muslim philosophers, i.e., Avicenna and Averroes, constitute the theoretical framework in which several Latin authors of the second half of the 13th century from the University of Paris, who have taken a stance around the question of the ‘real distinction’ between esse and essentia, elaborated their doctrines about transcendentals. According to this, our work seeks to trace the dependence of Dietrich’s general doctrine of the transcendentals, with respect to the theses established by Aristotle in the mentioned text, and in particular, with regard to the Averroist reading – critical of that of Avicenna’s –, which “has made school” in the Parisian environment, especially among the teachers and students of the Faculty of Arts, but also, first, in Thomas Aquinas. Thus, in light of this scenario of readings and interpretations, we will seek to delimit the central features of the Theodorian conception of the communia, pointing out the possible differences or coincidences with respect to the doctrines of these preceding authors. |
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| Title | Substances in Subjects: Instantiation and Existence in Avicenna |
| Type | Article |
| Language | English |
| Date | 2022 |
| Journal | American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly, Journal of the American Catholic Philosophical Association |
| Volume | 96 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 453-471 |
| Categories | Avicenna, Tradition and Reception, Metaphysics |
| Author(s) | Nathaniel B. Taylor |
| Publisher(s) | |
| Translator(s) |
| In an effort to refute Avicenna’s real distinction between essence and existence, Averroes argues for an Instantiation Analysis of existence which thinks of existence not as an accidental addition to an essence, but rather as the recognition that there is an instance in extramental reality which matches a concept in the mind of a knower. In this study, I argue that Averroes’s Instantiation Analysis fails to refute Avicenna’s real distinction by showing that Avicenna himself endorses the Instantiation Analysis and, in fact, makes use of it to motivate his real distinction. To show this, I review several texts where Avicenna makes the puzzling claim that substances are found to be in subjects. These texts reveal how Avicenna discovers the real distinction with Aristotle’s help—not, as Averroes relates, against the view of Aristotle. |
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